持续学习（CL）旨在从依次到达的任务中学习，而无需忘记以前的任务。尽管CL算法试图在到目前为止所学的所有任务中实现更高的平均测试准确性，但学习对成功的概括和下游转移至关重要。为了衡量代表性质量，我们仅使用一个小平衡数据集对所有任务进行重新培训，从而评估平均准确性，而无需对当前任务进行任何偏见的预测。我们还测试了几个下游任务，测量了学习表示的转移学习准确性。通过测试我们在Imagenet-100和Imagenet-1000上的新形式主义，我们发现使用更多的示例记忆是在学习的表示形式中产生有意义差异的唯一选择，以及大多数基于正则化或蒸馏的CL算法，都使用了示例记忆无法在课堂学习学习中学习不断有用的表示。令人惊讶的是，具有足够记忆大小的无监督（或自制的）CL可以达到与受监督对应物相当的性能。考虑到非平凡的标签成本，我们声称找到更有效的无监督CL算法，这些算法最少使用示例性记忆将是CL研究的下一个有希望的方向。

通过其高能量效率，加工存储器（PIM）阵列越来越多地用于卷积神经网络（CNN）推断。在基于PIM的CNN推断中，计算延迟和能量取决于CNN权重映射到PIM阵列的方式。最近的一项研究建议的移位和重复的内核（SDK）映射，其用一个并行窗口的单位重用输入特征映射，其与重复的内核卷积以并行获得多个输出元素。但是，现有的基于SDK的映射算法并不总是导致最小计算周期，因为它只将方形的并联窗口与整个通道映射。在本文中，我们介绍了一种名为可变窗口SDK（VW-SDK）的新型映射算法，其自适应地确定了对给定卷积层和PIM阵列的最小计算周期的并行窗口的形状。通过允许具有部分通道的矩形窗口，VW-SDK更有效地利用PIM阵列，从而进一步减少计算周期的数量。与512x512 PIM阵列和RESET-18的仿真显示，与现有的基于SDK的算法相比，VW-SDK将推理速度提高1.69倍。

通过将其与监督学习框架相结合，我们改善了最近开发的神经元，是一种基于神经网络的自适应离散的丹机。即，我们通过基于给定嘈杂的数据受到去噪的给定嘈杂的数据来使神经调整的监督训练兼容。结果，与香草神经元伙子相比，我们实现了显着的去噪能力，这只需要采用随机初始化参数的自适应微调步骤。此外，我们示出了自适应微调使得算法稳健使得噪声错配或盲目训练的监督模型仍然可以实现匹配模型的性能。此外，我们制作一些算法的进步，使神经伙伴更可扩展，并处理具有更大字母大小的多维数据或数据。我们系统地显示了我们对两个非常多元化的数据集，二值图像和DNA序列的改进。

我们提出了一种新颖且有效的纯化基于纯化的普通防御方法，用于预处理盲目的白色和黑匣子攻击。我们的方法仅在一般图像上进行了自我监督学习，在计算上效率和培训，而不需要对分类模型的任何对抗训练或再培训。我们首先显示对原始图像与其对抗示例之间的残余的对抗噪声的实证分析，几乎均为对称分布。基于该观察，我们提出了一种非常简单的迭代高斯平滑（GS），其可以有效地平滑对抗性噪声并实现大大高的鲁棒精度。为了进一步改进它，我们提出了神经上下文迭代平滑（NCIS），其以自我监督的方式列举盲点网络（BSN）以重建GS也平滑的原始图像的辨别特征。从我们使用四种分类模型对大型想象成的广泛实验，我们表明我们的方法既竞争竞争标准精度和最先进的强大精度，则针对最强大的净化器 - 盲目的白色和黑匣子攻击。此外，我们提出了一种用于评估基于商业图像分类API的纯化方法的新基准，例如AWS，Azure，Clarifai和Google。我们通过基于集合转移的黑匣子攻击产生对抗性实例，这可以促进API的完全错误分类，并证明我们的方法可用于增加API的抗逆性鲁棒性。

本文介绍了类增量语义分割（CISS）问题的固态基线。虽然最近的CISS算法利用了知识蒸馏（KD）技术的变体来解决问题，但他们未能充分解决CISS引起灾难性遗忘的关键挑战;背景类的语义漂移和多标签预测问题。为了更好地解决这些挑战，我们提出了一种新方法，被称为SSUL-M（具有内存的未知标签的语义分割），通过仔细组合为语义分割量身定制的技术。具体来说，我们要求三项主要贡献。 （1）在背景课程中定义未知的类，以帮助学习未来的课程（帮助可塑性），（2）冻结骨干网以及与二进制交叉熵丢失和伪标签的跨熵丢失的分类器，以克服灾难性的遗忘（帮助稳定）和（3）首次利用微小的示例存储器在CISS中提高可塑性和稳定性。广泛进行的实验表明了我们的方法的有效性，而不是标准基准数据集上最近的最新的基线的性能明显更好。此外，与彻底的消融分析有关我们对彻底消融分析的贡献，并与传统的类增量学习针对分类相比，讨论了CISS问题的不同自然。官方代码可在https://github.com/clovaai/ssul获得。

Training agents via off-policy deep reinforcement learning (RL) requires a large memory, named replay memory, that stores past experiences used for learning. These experiences are sampled, uniformly or non-uniformly, to create the batches used for training. When calculating the loss function, off-policy algorithms assume that all samples are of the same importance. In this paper, we hypothesize that training can be enhanced by assigning different importance for each experience based on their temporal-difference (TD) error directly in the training objective. We propose a novel method that introduces a weighting factor for each experience when calculating the loss function at the learning stage. In addition to improving convergence speed when used with uniform sampling, the method can be combined with prioritization methods for non-uniform sampling. Combining the proposed method with prioritization methods improves sampling efficiency while increasing the performance of TD-based off-policy RL algorithms. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by experiments in six environments of the OpenAI Gym suite. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a 33%~76% reduction of convergence speed in three environments and an 11% increase in returns and a 3%~10% increase in success rate for other three environments.

A fundamental challenge to providing edge-AI services is the need for a machine learning (ML) model that achieves personalization (i.e., to individual clients) and generalization (i.e., to unseen data) properties concurrently. Existing techniques in federated learning (FL) have encountered a steep tradeoff between these objectives and impose large computational requirements on edge devices during training and inference. In this paper, we propose SplitGP, a new split learning solution that can simultaneously capture generalization and personalization capabilities for efficient inference across resource-constrained clients (e.g., mobile/IoT devices). Our key idea is to split the full ML model into client-side and server-side components, and impose different roles to them: the client-side model is trained to have strong personalization capability optimized to each client's main task, while the server-side model is trained to have strong generalization capability for handling all clients' out-of-distribution tasks. We analytically characterize the convergence behavior of SplitGP, revealing that all client models approach stationary points asymptotically. Further, we analyze the inference time in SplitGP and provide bounds for determining model split ratios. Experimental results show that SplitGP outperforms existing baselines by wide margins in inference time and test accuracy for varying amounts of out-of-distribution samples.

When designing a new API for a large project, developers need to make smart design choices so that their code base can grow sustainably. To ensure that new API components are well designed, developers can learn from existing API components. However, the lack of standardized method for comparing API designs makes this learning process time-consuming and difficult. To address this gap we developed the API-Spector, to the best of our knowledge one of the first API-to-API specification recommendation engines. API-Spector retrieves relevant specification components written in OpenAPI (a widely adopted language used to describe web APIs). API-Spector presents several significant contributions, including: (1) novel methods of processing and extracting key information from OpenAPI specifications, (2) innovative feature extraction techniques that are optimized for the highly technical API specification domain, and (3) a novel log-linear probabilistic model that combines multiple signals to retrieve relevant and high quality OpenAPI specification components given a query specification. We evaluate API-Spector in both quantitative and qualitative tasks and achieve an overall of 91.7% recall@1 and 56.2% F1, which surpasses baseline performance by 15.4% in recall@1 and 3.2% in F1. Overall, API-Spector will allow developers to retrieve relevant OpenAPI specification components from a public or internal database in the early stages of the API development cycle, so that they can learn from existing established examples and potentially identify redundancies in their work. It provides the guidance developers need to accelerate development process and contribute thoughtfully designed APIs that promote code maintainability and quality.

We tackle the problem of generating long-term 3D human motion from multiple action labels. Two main previous approaches, such as action- and motion-conditioned methods, have limitations to solve this problem. The action-conditioned methods generate a sequence of motion from a single action. Hence, it cannot generate long-term motions composed of multiple actions and transitions between actions. Meanwhile, the motion-conditioned methods generate future motions from initial motion. The generated future motions only depend on the past, so they are not controllable by the user's desired actions. We present MultiAct, the first framework to generate long-term 3D human motion from multiple action labels. MultiAct takes account of both action and motion conditions with a unified recurrent generation system. It repetitively takes the previous motion and action label; then, it generates a smooth transition and the motion of the given action. As a result, MultiAct produces realistic long-term motion controlled by the given sequence of multiple action labels. The code will be released.

Skeleton-based action recognition has attracted considerable attention due to its compact skeletal structure of the human body. Many recent methods have achieved remarkable performance using graph convolutional networks (GCNs) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs), which extract spatial and temporal features, respectively. Although spatial and temporal dependencies in the human skeleton have been explored, spatio-temporal dependency is rarely considered. In this paper, we propose the Inter-Frame Curve Network (IFC-Net) to effectively leverage the spatio-temporal dependency of the human skeleton. Our proposed network consists of two novel elements: 1) The Inter-Frame Curve (IFC) module; and 2) Dilated Graph Convolution (D-GC). The IFC module increases the spatio-temporal receptive field by identifying meaningful node connections between every adjacent frame and generating spatio-temporal curves based on the identified node connections. The D-GC allows the network to have a large spatial receptive field, which specifically focuses on the spatial domain. The kernels of D-GC are computed from the given adjacency matrices of the graph and reflect large receptive field in a way similar to the dilated CNNs. Our IFC-Net combines these two modules and achieves state-of-the-art performance on three skeleton-based action recognition benchmarks: NTU-RGB+D 60, NTU-RGB+D 120, and Northwestern-UCLA.